Elettronica
Circuit analysis, RF/microwave, signal processing, embedded systems, and power electronics calculators.
Calcolatore Resistenza LED
Apply Ohm's Law to find voltage, current, or resistance in a circuit. Enter any two values to solve for the third.
Calcolatore Partitore di Tensione
Calculate the correct current-limiting resistor for an LED circuit to prevent burnout.
Calcolatore Partitore di Corrente
Calculate the output voltage of a resistive voltage divider network given two resistor values and input voltage.
Calcolatore Circuito Serie
Calculate how current splits between two parallel branches using the current divider rule.
Calcolatore Circuito Parallelo
Calculate total resistance, current, and voltage drops in a series circuit with up to three resistors.
Calcolatore Ponte di Wheatstone
Find the equivalent resistance of two resistors in parallel and the branch currents.
Calcolatore Equivalente di Thévenin
Analyze a Wheatstone bridge circuit to find the bridge voltage and determine balance condition.
Calcolatore Equivalente di Norton
Apply Kirchhoff's Voltage Law to verify that voltage drops around a loop sum to the source voltage.
Calcolatore Massimo Trasferimento di Potenza
Apply Kirchhoff's Current Law at a node to verify that currents in equal currents out.
Calcolatore Resistenza Filo per Calibro
Calculate the Thevenin equivalent voltage and resistance for a simple source-divider circuit.
Calcolatore Portata Filo
Calculate Norton equivalent current and resistance from a simple source-resistor circuit.
Calcolatore Dimensionamento Fusibile
Find the load resistance for maximum power delivery and the maximum power from a Thevenin source.
Calcolatore Dissipazione di Potenza
Estimate wire resistance based on AWG gauge, length, and copper resistivity.
Calcolatore Codice Colore Resistenze
Estimate safe current-carrying capacity of copper wire based on AWG gauge.
Calcolatore Tolleranza Resistenze
Determine the correct fuse rating based on operating current and safety margin.
Calcolatore Codice Resistenze SMD
Calculate power dissipated by a component from voltage and current.
Calcolatore Uscita Potenziometro
Decode a 4-band resistor color code to find its resistance value.
Calcolatore Carica Condensatore
Calculate the actual resistance range given nominal value and tolerance percentage.
Calcolatore Energia Condensatore
Decode a 3-digit SMD resistor marking to find resistance.
Calcolatore Impedenza Condensatore
Calculate the output voltage of a potentiometer at a given wiper position.
Calcolatore Condensatori in Parallelo
Calculate the charge stored in a capacitor given voltage and capacitance using Q = C x V.
Calcolatore Condensatori in Serie
Calculate the energy stored in a capacitor from capacitance and voltage.
Calcolatore Energia Induttore
Calculate the AC impedance (reactance) of a capacitor at a given frequency.
Calcolatore Impedenza Induttore
Calculate the total capacitance of capacitors connected in parallel.
Calcolatore Induttori in Parallelo
Calculate the total capacitance of two capacitors connected in series.
Calcolatore Induttori in Serie
Calculate the energy stored in an inductor from inductance and current.
Calcolatore Risonanza LC
Calculate the AC impedance (reactance) of an inductor at a given frequency.
Calcolatore Circuito RLC
Calculate total inductance of two inductors in parallel (no mutual coupling).
Calcolatore Frequenza di Taglio Filtro RC
Calculate total inductance of inductors connected in series (no mutual coupling).
Calcolatore Frequenza di Taglio Filtro RL
Calculate the resonant frequency of an LC circuit from inductance and capacitance.
Calcolatore Filtro Passa-Banda
Analyze a series RLC circuit: resonant frequency, impedance, and damping factor.
Calcolatore Filtro Notch
Calculate the -3 dB cutoff frequency of a simple RC low-pass or high-pass filter.
Calcolatore Tempo di Scarica Condensatore
Calculate the -3 dB cutoff frequency of an RL filter.
Calcolatore Costante di Tempo Induttore
Calculate center frequency and bandwidth of a series RLC bandpass filter.
Calcolatore Fattore di Qualità
Calculate the notch (rejection) frequency of a parallel LC notch filter.
Calcolatore Effetto Pelle
Calculate the RC time constant and time to discharge to a target voltage.
Calcolatore Adattamento di Impedenza
Calculate the RL time constant for an inductor-resistor circuit.
Calcolatore Tensione Diretta Diodo
Calculate the quality factor (Q) of a series RLC resonant circuit.
Calcolatore Regolatore Zener
Calculate the skin depth in a conductor at a given frequency, which determines effective current-carrying area at high frequencies.
Calcolatore Polarizzazione Transistor
Calculate L-network component values to match source impedance to load impedance.
Calcolatore Potenza MOSFET
Estimate the voltage remaining after a diode drop in a circuit. Enter supply voltage, diode forward voltage, and load current.
Calcolatore Guadagno Amplificatore Operazionale Invertente
Design a simple zener diode voltage regulator. Calculate the series resistor value and power ratings.
Calcolatore Guadagno Amplificatore Operazionale Non Invertente
Calculate the base resistor for a BJT in common-emitter configuration to set a target collector current.
Calcolatore Larghezza di Banda Op-Amp
Calculate MOSFET conduction losses from on-resistance and drain current plus switching losses.
Calcolatore Amplificatore Differenziale
Calculate voltage gain and output of an inverting op-amp configuration from feedback and input resistors.
Calcolatore Amplificatore Sommatore
Calculate voltage gain and output of a non-inverting op-amp configuration.
Calcolatore Inseguitore di Tensione
Calculate closed-loop bandwidth of an op-amp circuit from its gain-bandwidth product and gain setting.
Calcolatore Isteresi Comparatore
Calculate the output of a single op-amp differential amplifier with matched resistor pairs.
Calcolatore Trigger di Schmitt
Calculate the output voltage of an inverting summing amplifier with up to three inputs.
Calcolatore Timer 555 Astabile
Analyze a voltage follower (unity-gain buffer) showing output voltage, input impedance boost, and current capability.
Calcolatore Timer 555 Monostabile
Calculate the upper and lower trip points for a comparator with positive feedback hysteresis.
Calcolatore Duty Cycle PWM
Calculate the upper and lower switching thresholds of an inverting Schmitt trigger built with an op-amp.
Calcolatore Durata Batteria
Calculate frequency, period, and duty cycle for a 555 timer in astable (free-running) mode.
Calcolatore Scarica Batteria
Calculate the output pulse width for a 555 timer in monostable (one-shot) mode.
Calcolatore Dimensionamento Pannello Solare
Calculate the average output voltage and power delivery of a PWM signal given duty cycle and amplitude.
Calcolatore Dimensionamento Inverter
Estimate how long a battery will last given its capacity and the load current draw.
Calcolatore Calore Regolatore di Tensione
Calculate the required discharge current to drain a battery in a specified time, and the energy delivered.
Calcolatore Efficienza Regolatore Lineare
Calculate the solar panel wattage needed to charge a battery or run a load given daily energy needs and sun hours.
Calcolatore Efficienza Regolatore Switching
Calculate the inverter size needed for your AC loads, accounting for surge requirements and efficiency.
Calcolatore Rapporto Spire Trasformatore
Calculate power dissipated as heat by a linear voltage regulator and the resulting junction temperature.
Calcolatore Ripple Alimentatore
Calculate the efficiency of a linear voltage regulator from input and output voltages.
Calcolatore Condensatore di Disaccoppiamento
Calculate the input power and current draw of a switching regulator given output requirements and efficiency.
Calcolatore Risoluzione ADC
Calculate transformer turns ratio, secondary voltage, and secondary current from primary specifications.
Calcolatore Risoluzione DAC
Calculate the output ripple voltage of a capacitor-filtered rectifier power supply.
Calcolatore Frequenza di Campionamento Nyquist
Calculate the minimum decoupling capacitance needed to limit voltage droop during a transient current spike.
Calcolatore Bit Rate
Calculate the voltage resolution (LSB size) and dynamic range of an analog-to-digital converter.
Calcolatore Baud Rate
Calculate the output voltage step size and maximum output of a digital-to-analog converter.
Calcolatore Larghezza Pista PCB
Calculate the minimum sampling rate needed to faithfully capture a signal using the Nyquist-Shannon theorem.
Calcolatore Corrente Via PCB
Calculate the data bit rate for a digital signal from sampling rate, bit depth, and number of channels.
Calcolatore Resistenza Termica
Calculate the relationship between baud rate (symbol rate) and bit rate for digital communication links.
Calcolatore Dimensionamento Dissipatore
Calculate the minimum PCB trace width for a given current using IPC-2221 guidelines.
Calcolatore Lunghezza Antenna
Estimate the current carrying capacity of a PCB via based on its dimensions and allowed temperature rise.
Calcolatore Frequenza-Lunghezza d'Onda
Calculate junction temperature through a chain of thermal resistances from junction to ambient.
Calcolatore Impedenza Cavo Coassiale
Calculate the maximum allowed heat sink thermal resistance to keep a component within temperature limits.
Calcolatore Linea di Trasmissione
Calculate the physical length of dipole and quarter-wave antennas for a given frequency.
Calcolatore Potenza RF in dBm
Convert between frequency and wavelength for electromagnetic waves in free space.
Calcolatore Cifra di Rumore
Calculate the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable from its dimensions and dielectric constant.
Calcolatore Guadagno Antenna
Calculate propagation delay and electrical length of a transmission line from physical length and velocity factor.
Calcolatore Perdita di Percorso in Spazio Libero
Convert between watts and dBm for RF power measurements, and calculate voltage into a given impedance.
Calcolatore Link Budget
Calculate the cascaded noise figure of a receiver chain using the Friis formula.
Calcolatore Cifra di Rumore in Cascata
Calculate the gain of a parabolic dish antenna from its diameter and operating frequency using the standard aperture formula.
Calcolatore Profondità di Pelle
Calculate the signal attenuation over distance in free space using the Friis transmission equation.
Calcolatore Adattamento Impedenza RF
Calculate a radio link budget to determine whether a wireless link will close by summing gains and subtracting losses.
Calcolatore VSWR
Calculate the overall noise figure of a cascaded receiver chain using the Friis noise formula with up to three stages.
Skin Depth Calculator
Calculate the skin depth (penetration depth) of electromagnetic waves in a conductor at a given frequency.
Impedance Matching Calculator
Design an L-network impedance matching circuit to transform one impedance to another at a given frequency.
VSWR Calculator
Calculate the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio from load and characteristic impedance, or from reflection coefficient.
Return Loss Calculator
Calculate return loss in dB from VSWR or reflection coefficient, and convert between mismatch metrics.
S-Parameter Conversion Calculator
Convert S-parameter magnitudes between linear and dB, and calculate derived metrics like insertion loss and isolation.
Transmission Line Impedance Calculator
Calculate the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable from its physical dimensions and dielectric constant.
Nyquist Frequency Calculator
Calculate the Nyquist frequency (maximum signal frequency that can be represented) from the sampling rate.
Sampling Rate Calculator
Calculate the minimum sampling rate needed to capture a signal without aliasing, with optional oversampling ratio.
Aliasing Frequency Calculator
Calculate the apparent (aliased) frequency when a signal above the Nyquist limit is sampled.
FFT Resolution Calculator
Calculate the frequency resolution, number of bins, and maximum frequency of a Fast Fourier Transform.
Window Function Bandwidth Calculator
Compare the equivalent noise bandwidth and main lobe width for common window functions used in spectral analysis.
SNR Calculator
Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels from signal and noise power or voltage levels.
Total Harmonic Distortion Calculator
Calculate THD from the amplitudes of harmonic components relative to the fundamental frequency.
Dynamic Range Calculator
Calculate the dynamic range of a system from its maximum signal level and noise floor.
Quantization Noise Calculator
Calculate the theoretical SNR and noise level introduced by analog-to-digital quantization.
DAC Resolution Calculator
Calculate the voltage resolution, step size, and output range of a digital-to-analog converter.
Clock Frequency Calculator
Calculate clock period, instruction throughput, and timer settings from an oscillator or PLL frequency.
Duty Cycle Calculator
Calculate the duty cycle of a periodic signal from its on-time and period, or frequency and pulse width.
PWM Voltage Calculator
Calculate the average (DC equivalent) voltage output from a PWM signal based on duty cycle and peak voltage.
ADC Resolution Calculator
Calculate the voltage resolution, step size, and digital output code of an analog-to-digital converter.
SPI Data Rate Calculator
Calculate SPI bus data throughput from clock speed and transfer parameters.
I2C Pull-Up Resistor Calculator
Calculate the optimal pull-up resistor value for I2C bus lines based on bus capacitance and supply voltage.
UART Baud Rate Calculator
Calculate UART bit timing, actual baud rate from divider settings, and baud rate error.
Memory Address Space Calculator
Calculate the total addressable memory from the number of address lines and data bus width.
Stack Size Calculator
Estimate the required stack size for an embedded application based on call depth, local variables, and interrupt overhead.
Interrupt Latency Calculator
Calculate the total interrupt response latency from detection to start of ISR execution.
Transformer Turns Ratio Calculator
Calculate transformer turns ratio, secondary voltage, and current from primary and secondary winding parameters.
Three-Phase Power Calculator
Calculate real, reactive, and apparent power in a balanced three-phase AC system.
Power Factor Correction Calculator
Calculate the capacitor bank size needed to improve power factor to a target value, reducing reactive power charges.
Motor Starting Current Calculator
Calculate the inrush (starting) current of an electric motor from its nameplate data and starting method.
Cable Ampacity Calculator
Estimate the current-carrying capacity (ampacity) of a copper conductor based on cross-section area and installation method.
Short Circuit Current Calculator
Estimate the prospective short-circuit current at a point in the electrical system from transformer and cable impedance.
Ground Fault Current Calculator
Estimate ground fault current magnitude from system voltage and ground path impedance.
Harmonic Filter Calculator
Calculate the tuning capacitor and inductor values for a single-tuned passive harmonic filter.
Surge Protection Calculator
Calculate the energy absorption requirements and clamping voltage for surge protection devices (SPDs).
UPS Battery Sizing Calculator
Calculate the battery capacity needed for an uninterruptible power supply to support a load for a specified runtime.