Electrónica
Circuit analysis, RF/microwave, signal processing, embedded systems, and power electronics calculators.
Calculadora de la Ley de Ohm
Apply Ohm's Law to find voltage, current, or resistance in a circuit. Enter any two values to solve for the third.
Calculadora de Resistencia para LED
Calculate the correct current-limiting resistor for an LED circuit to prevent burnout.
Calculadora de Divisor de Voltaje
Calculate the output voltage of a resistive voltage divider network given two resistor values and input voltage.
Calculadora de Divisor de Corriente
Calculate how current splits between two parallel branches using the current divider rule.
Calculadora de Circuito en Serie
Calculate total resistance, current, and voltage drops in a series circuit with up to three resistors.
Calculadora de Circuito en Paralelo
Find the equivalent resistance of two resistors in parallel and the branch currents.
Calculadora de Puente de Wheatstone
Analyze a Wheatstone bridge circuit to find the bridge voltage and determine balance condition.
Calculadora de la Ley de Voltaje de Kirchhoff
Apply Kirchhoff's Voltage Law to verify that voltage drops around a loop sum to the source voltage.
Calculadora de la Ley de Corriente de Kirchhoff
Apply Kirchhoff's Current Law at a node to verify that currents in equal currents out.
Calculadora de Equivalente de Thévenin
Calculate the Thevenin equivalent voltage and resistance for a simple source-divider circuit.
Calculadora de Equivalente de Norton
Calculate Norton equivalent current and resistance from a simple source-resistor circuit.
Calculadora de Transferencia Máxima de Potencia
Find the load resistance for maximum power delivery and the maximum power from a Thevenin source.
Calculadora de Resistencia de Calibre de Cable
Estimate wire resistance based on AWG gauge, length, and copper resistivity.
Calculadora de Ampacidad de Cable
Estimate safe current-carrying capacity of copper wire based on AWG gauge.
Calculadora de Dimensionamiento de Fusible
Determine the correct fuse rating based on operating current and safety margin.
Calculadora de Disipación de Potencia
Calculate power dissipated by a component from voltage and current.
Calculadora de Código de Colores de Resistencia
Decode a 4-band resistor color code to find its resistance value.
Calculadora de Tolerancia de Resistencia
Calculate the actual resistance range given nominal value and tolerance percentage.
Calculadora de Código de Resistencia SMD
Decode a 3-digit SMD resistor marking to find resistance.
Calculadora de Salida de Potenciómetro
Calculate the output voltage of a potentiometer at a given wiper position.
Calculadora de Carga de Capacitor
Calculate the charge stored in a capacitor given voltage and capacitance using Q = C x V.
Calculadora de Energía de Capacitor
Calculate the energy stored in a capacitor from capacitance and voltage.
Calculadora de Impedancia de Capacitor
Calculate the AC impedance (reactance) of a capacitor at a given frequency.
Calculadora de Capacitores en Paralelo
Calculate the total capacitance of capacitors connected in parallel.
Calculadora de Capacitores en Serie
Calculate the total capacitance of two capacitors connected in series.
Calculadora de Energía de Inductor
Calculate the energy stored in an inductor from inductance and current.
Calculadora de Impedancia de Inductor
Calculate the AC impedance (reactance) of an inductor at a given frequency.
Calculadora de Inductores en Paralelo
Calculate total inductance of two inductors in parallel (no mutual coupling).
Calculadora de Inductores en Serie
Calculate total inductance of inductors connected in series (no mutual coupling).
Calculadora de Resonancia LC
Calculate the resonant frequency of an LC circuit from inductance and capacitance.
Calculadora de Circuito RLC
Analyze a series RLC circuit: resonant frequency, impedance, and damping factor.
Calculadora de Frecuencia de Corte RC
Calculate the -3 dB cutoff frequency of a simple RC low-pass or high-pass filter.
Calculadora de Frecuencia de Corte RL
Calculate the -3 dB cutoff frequency of an RL filter.
Calculadora de Filtro Pasa-Banda
Calculate center frequency and bandwidth of a series RLC bandpass filter.
Calculadora de Filtro Notch
Calculate the notch (rejection) frequency of a parallel LC notch filter.
Calculadora de Tiempo de Descarga de Capacitor
Calculate the RC time constant and time to discharge to a target voltage.
Calculadora de Constante de Tiempo de Inductor
Calculate the RL time constant for an inductor-resistor circuit.
Calculadora de Factor de Calidad
Calculate the quality factor (Q) of a series RLC resonant circuit.
Calculadora de Efecto Piel
Calculate the skin depth in a conductor at a given frequency, which determines effective current-carrying area at high frequencies.
Calculadora de Acoplamiento de Impedancia
Calculate L-network component values to match source impedance to load impedance.
Calculadora de Voltaje Directo de Diodo
Estimate the voltage remaining after a diode drop in a circuit. Enter supply voltage, diode forward voltage, and load current.
Calculadora de Regulador Zener
Design a simple zener diode voltage regulator. Calculate the series resistor value and power ratings.
Calculadora de Polarización de Transistor
Calculate the base resistor for a BJT in common-emitter configuration to set a target collector current.
Calculadora de Potencia de MOSFET
Calculate MOSFET conduction losses from on-resistance and drain current plus switching losses.
Calculadora de Ganancia de Op-Amp Inversor
Calculate voltage gain and output of an inverting op-amp configuration from feedback and input resistors.
Calculadora de Ganancia de Op-Amp No Inversor
Calculate voltage gain and output of a non-inverting op-amp configuration.
Calculadora de Ancho de Banda de Op-Amp
Calculate closed-loop bandwidth of an op-amp circuit from its gain-bandwidth product and gain setting.
Calculadora de Amplificador Diferencial
Calculate the output of a single op-amp differential amplifier with matched resistor pairs.
Calculadora de Amplificador Sumador
Calculate the output voltage of an inverting summing amplifier with up to three inputs.
Calculadora de Seguidor de Voltaje
Analyze a voltage follower (unity-gain buffer) showing output voltage, input impedance boost, and current capability.
Calculadora de Histéresis de Comparador
Calculate the upper and lower trip points for a comparator with positive feedback hysteresis.
Calculadora de Disparador Schmitt
Calculate the upper and lower switching thresholds of an inverting Schmitt trigger built with an op-amp.
Calculadora de Temporizador 555 Astable
Calculate frequency, period, and duty cycle for a 555 timer in astable (free-running) mode.
Calculadora de Temporizador 555 Monoestable
Calculate the output pulse width for a 555 timer in monostable (one-shot) mode.
Calculadora de Ciclo de Trabajo PWM
Calculate the average output voltage and power delivery of a PWM signal given duty cycle and amplitude.
Calculadora de Vida de Batería
Estimate how long a battery will last given its capacity and the load current draw.
Calculadora de Descarga de Batería
Calculate the required discharge current to drain a battery in a specified time, and the energy delivered.
Calculadora de Dimensionamiento de Panel Solar
Calculate the solar panel wattage needed to charge a battery or run a load given daily energy needs and sun hours.
Calculadora de Dimensionamiento de Inversor
Calculate the inverter size needed for your AC loads, accounting for surge requirements and efficiency.
Calculadora de Calor de Regulador de Voltaje
Calculate power dissipated as heat by a linear voltage regulator and the resulting junction temperature.
Calculadora de Eficiencia de Regulador Lineal
Calculate the efficiency of a linear voltage regulator from input and output voltages.
Calculadora de Eficiencia de Regulador Conmutado
Calculate the input power and current draw of a switching regulator given output requirements and efficiency.
Calculadora de Relación de Vueltas de Transformador
Calculate transformer turns ratio, secondary voltage, and secondary current from primary specifications.
Calculadora de Rizado de Fuente de Poder
Calculate the output ripple voltage of a capacitor-filtered rectifier power supply.
Calculadora de Capacitor de Desacople
Calculate the minimum decoupling capacitance needed to limit voltage droop during a transient current spike.
Calculadora de Resolución de ADC
Calculate the voltage resolution (LSB size) and dynamic range of an analog-to-digital converter.
Calculadora de Resolución de DAC
Calculate the output voltage step size and maximum output of a digital-to-analog converter.
Calculadora de Tasa de Muestreo de Nyquist
Calculate the minimum sampling rate needed to faithfully capture a signal using the Nyquist-Shannon theorem.
Calculadora de Tasa de Bits
Calculate the data bit rate for a digital signal from sampling rate, bit depth, and number of channels.
Calculadora de Tasa de Baudios
Calculate the relationship between baud rate (symbol rate) and bit rate for digital communication links.
Calculadora de Ancho de Pista de PCB
Calculate the minimum PCB trace width for a given current using IPC-2221 guidelines.
Calculadora de Corriente de Vía de PCB
Estimate the current carrying capacity of a PCB via based on its dimensions and allowed temperature rise.
Calculadora de Resistencia Térmica
Calculate junction temperature through a chain of thermal resistances from junction to ambient.
Calculadora de Dimensionamiento de Disipador
Calculate the maximum allowed heat sink thermal resistance to keep a component within temperature limits.
Calculadora de Longitud de Antena
Calculate the physical length of dipole and quarter-wave antennas for a given frequency.
Calculadora de Frecuencia-Longitud de Onda
Convert between frequency and wavelength for electromagnetic waves in free space.
Calculadora de Impedancia de Coaxial
Calculate the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable from its dimensions and dielectric constant.
Calculadora de Línea de Transmisión
Calculate propagation delay and electrical length of a transmission line from physical length and velocity factor.
Calculadora de Potencia RF en dBm
Convert between watts and dBm for RF power measurements, and calculate voltage into a given impedance.
Calculadora de Figura de Ruido
Calculate the cascaded noise figure of a receiver chain using the Friis formula.
Calculadora de Ganancia de Antena
Calculate the gain of a parabolic dish antenna from its diameter and operating frequency using the standard aperture formula.
Calculadora de Pérdida en Espacio Libre
Calculate the signal attenuation over distance in free space using the Friis transmission equation.
Calculadora de Presupuesto de Enlace
Calculate a radio link budget to determine whether a wireless link will close by summing gains and subtracting losses.
Calculadora de Figura de Ruido en Cascada
Calculate the overall noise figure of a cascaded receiver chain using the Friis noise formula with up to three stages.
Calculadora de Profundidad de Piel
Calculate the skin depth (penetration depth) of electromagnetic waves in a conductor at a given frequency.
Calculadora de Acoplamiento de Impedancia RF
Design an L-network impedance matching circuit to transform one impedance to another at a given frequency.
Calculadora de VSWR
Calculate the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio from load and characteristic impedance, or from reflection coefficient.
Calculadora de Pérdida de Retorno
Calculate return loss in dB from VSWR or reflection coefficient, and convert between mismatch metrics.
Calculadora de Conversión de Parámetros S
Convert S-parameter magnitudes between linear and dB, and calculate derived metrics like insertion loss and isolation.
Calculadora de Impedancia de Línea de Transmisión
Calculate the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable from its physical dimensions and dielectric constant.
Calculadora de Frecuencia de Nyquist
Calculate the Nyquist frequency (maximum signal frequency that can be represented) from the sampling rate.
Calculadora de Tasa de Muestreo
Calculate the minimum sampling rate needed to capture a signal without aliasing, with optional oversampling ratio.
Calculadora de Frecuencia de Aliasing
Calculate the apparent (aliased) frequency when a signal above the Nyquist limit is sampled.
Calculadora de Resolución FFT
Calculate the frequency resolution, number of bins, and maximum frequency of a Fast Fourier Transform.
Calculadora de Ancho de Banda de Función Ventana
Compare the equivalent noise bandwidth and main lobe width for common window functions used in spectral analysis.
Calculadora de SNR
Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels from signal and noise power or voltage levels.
Calculadora de Distorsión Armónica Total
Calculate THD from the amplitudes of harmonic components relative to the fundamental frequency.
Calculadora de Rango Dinámico
Calculate the dynamic range of a system from its maximum signal level and noise floor.
Calculadora de Ruido de Cuantización
Calculate the theoretical SNR and noise level introduced by analog-to-digital quantization.
Calculadora de Resolución de DAC Avanzada
Calculate the voltage resolution, step size, and output range of a digital-to-analog converter.
Calculadora de Frecuencia de Reloj
Calculate clock period, instruction throughput, and timer settings from an oscillator or PLL frequency.
Calculadora de Ciclo de Trabajo
Calculate the duty cycle of a periodic signal from its on-time and period, or frequency and pulse width.
Calculadora de Voltaje PWM
Calculate the average (DC equivalent) voltage output from a PWM signal based on duty cycle and peak voltage.
Calculadora de Resolución de ADC Avanzada
Calculate the voltage resolution, step size, and digital output code of an analog-to-digital converter.
Calculadora de Tasa de Datos SPI
Calculate SPI bus data throughput from clock speed and transfer parameters.
Calculadora de Resistencia Pull-Up I2C
Calculate the optimal pull-up resistor value for I2C bus lines based on bus capacitance and supply voltage.
Calculadora de Tasa de Baudios UART
Calculate UART bit timing, actual baud rate from divider settings, and baud rate error.
Calculadora de Espacio de Direcciones de Memoria
Calculate the total addressable memory from the number of address lines and data bus width.
Calculadora de Tamaño de Pila
Estimate the required stack size for an embedded application based on call depth, local variables, and interrupt overhead.
Calculadora de Latencia de Interrupción
Calculate the total interrupt response latency from detection to start of ISR execution.
Calculadora Avanzada de Vueltas de Transformador
Calculate transformer turns ratio, secondary voltage, and current from primary and secondary winding parameters.
Calculadora de Potencia Trifásica Avanzada
Calculate real, reactive, and apparent power in a balanced three-phase AC system.
Calculadora de Corrección de Factor de Potencia
Calculate the capacitor bank size needed to improve power factor to a target value, reducing reactive power charges.
Calculadora de Corriente de Arranque de Motor
Calculate the inrush (starting) current of an electric motor from its nameplate data and starting method.
Calculadora de Ampacidad de Cable Avanzada
Estimate the current-carrying capacity (ampacity) of a copper conductor based on cross-section area and installation method.
Calculadora de Corriente de Cortocircuito Avanzada
Estimate the prospective short-circuit current at a point in the electrical system from transformer and cable impedance.
Calculadora de Corriente de Falla a Tierra
Estimate ground fault current magnitude from system voltage and ground path impedance.
Calculadora de Filtro de Armónicos
Calculate the tuning capacitor and inductor values for a single-tuned passive harmonic filter.
Calculadora de Protección contra Sobretensiones
Calculate the energy absorption requirements and clamping voltage for surge protection devices (SPDs).
Calculadora de Dimensionamiento de UPS
Calculate the battery capacity needed for an uninterruptible power supply to support a load for a specified runtime.