Calcolatore Dimensionamento Pannello SolareFormula

## PWM Duty Cycle

### Formulas

**V_avg = V_amplitude x D**

**P_avg = V^2 x D / R**

Where D is the duty cycle (0 to 1). PWM is used for motor speed control, LED dimming, and switching power supplies.

Esempio Risolto

12 V PWM at 75% duty cycle driving a 10 ohm load.

  1. D = 75 / 100 = 0.75
  2. V_avg = 12 x 0.75 = 9 V
  3. P_avg = 144 x 0.75 / 10 = 10.8 W
  4. Peak current = 12 / 10 = 1.2 A