P-Value Calculator

Estimate the two-tailed p-value for a z-test using the standard normal distribution PDF-based approximation.

Approx. Two-Tailed P-Value

0.041889

PDF at z0.04398360
Significant at 0.05?1
Significant at 0.01?0

Approx. Two-Tailed P-Value vs Z-Statistic (or test statistic)

सूत्र देखें →

सूत्र

## How to Interpret P-Values ### Concept The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme or more extreme than the computed value, assuming the null hypothesis is true. A small p-value (typically < 0.05) provides evidence against the null hypothesis. This calculator provides an approximation for the two-tailed p-value using the normal PDF. For exact values, consult a z-table or statistical software.

हल किया गया उदाहरण

A z-test yields z = 2.1. Is this significant at the 5% level?

  1. 01|z| = 2.1
  2. 02PDF at z=2.1: phi(2.1) = 0.04398
  3. 03Approximate two-tailed p ≈ 2 * 0.04398 / 2.1 ≈ 0.0419
  4. 04Since 0.0419 < 0.05, the result is statistically significant at the 5% level
  5. 05Since 0.0419 > 0.01, it is NOT significant at the 1% level