PWM वोल्टेज कैलकुलेटर
PWM सिग्नल का औसत आउटपुट वोल्टेज निकालें।
Value to convert (0 to 2^N - 1)
आउटपुट वोल्टेज
2.5000 V
Output Voltage vs DAC Resolution (bits)
सूत्र
## DAC Resolution and Output A DAC converts a digital code to a proportional analog voltage. The resolution determines the smallest voltage step. ### Formulas **Step Size = V_ref / 2^N** **V_out = Digital Code x Step Size** **Max Output = (2^N - 1) x Step Size** The output is always one step size less than V_ref because the code range is 0 to 2^N - 1.
हल किया गया उदाहरण
10-bit DAC with 5.0 V reference, digital code 512.
- 01Step size: 5.0 / 1024 = 4.883 mV
- 02Output: 512 x 0.004883 = 2.5000 V
- 03Max output: 1023 x 0.004883 = 4.9951 V
- 04Total levels: 1024
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न
Why doesn't the DAC reach the full reference voltage?
The maximum code is 2^N - 1, so the output is one LSB below V_ref. A 10-bit DAC with 5V ref maxes at 4.995V.
What resolution do I need?
For audio: 16-24 bits. For motor control: 8-12 bits. For precision measurement: 16-20 bits.
How does DAC glitch affect output?
During code transitions, brief voltage spikes (glitches) occur. Use a deglitcher (sample-and-hold) for sensitive applications.
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