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## Thrust-to-Weight Ratio

The TWR determines whether a vehicle can lift off and how quickly it accelerates.

### Formula

**TWR = F / (m * g)**

- *F* = engine thrust in newtons
- *m* = total vehicle mass
- *g* = local gravitational acceleration

TWR must exceed 1.0 for liftoff. Most launch vehicles aim for 1.2 to 1.8 at ignition.

Ejemplo Resuelto

Saturn V first stage: 7 607 000 N thrust, 549 054 kg.

  1. TWR = F / (m * g)
  2. Weight = 549054 * 9.80665 = 5 384 000 N
  3. TWR = 7607000 / 5384000
  4. TWR = 1.413