Photovoltaic Efficiency Rechner
Berechnen Sie solar panel electrical output aus irradiance, area, efficiency, and system losses.
Net Daily Output
25.8 kWh
Net Daily Output vs Daily Solar Irradiance
Formel
Solar Panel Electrical Output
A photovoltaic (PV) system converts sunlight into electricity. The actual output depends on available irradiance, panel efficiency, and system losses.
Formula
Gross Output (kWh/day) = Irradiance (kWh/m²/day) x Area (m²) x Efficiency
Net Output = Gross Output x (1 - System Losses)
System losses include wiring resistance, inverter conversion, soiling, and temperature derating. Typical total losses are 10-20%.
Lösungsbeispiel
A 30 m² array with 20% efficient panels, 5 kWh/m²/day irradiance, and 14% system losses.
- 01Gross output = 5 x 30 x 0.20 = 30 kWh/day
- 02Net output = 30 x (1 - 0.14) = 30 x 0.86 = 25.8 kWh/day
- 03Annual output = 25.8 x 365 = 9,417 kWh/year
Häufig Gestellte Fragen
What is typical solar panel efficiency?
Residential panels typically range from 18-22%. Premium panels can reach 23-24%. Research cells have exceeded 47% in lab conditions.
What causes system losses?
Major loss sources include inverter conversion (2-4%), wiring (1-3%), soiling/dust (2-5%), temperature derating (2-8%), and shading (variable).
How many panels do I need for my home?
The average US home uses about 30 kWh/day. With 5 peak sun hours and 20% efficient panels, you need roughly 30 m² (about 15-18 standard panels).