सोलर पैनल साइज़िंग कैलकुलेटर — सूत्र
## PWM Duty Cycle
### Formulas
**V_avg = V_amplitude x D**
**P_avg = V^2 x D / R**
Where D is the duty cycle (0 to 1). PWM is used for motor speed control, LED dimming, and switching power supplies.
### Formulas
**V_avg = V_amplitude x D**
**P_avg = V^2 x D / R**
Where D is the duty cycle (0 to 1). PWM is used for motor speed control, LED dimming, and switching power supplies.
हल किया गया उदाहरण
12 V PWM at 75% duty cycle driving a 10 ohm load.
- D = 75 / 100 = 0.75
- V_avg = 12 x 0.75 = 9 V
- P_avg = 144 x 0.75 / 10 = 10.8 W
- Peak current = 12 / 10 = 1.2 A