VSWR कैलकुलेटर — सूत्र
## Friis Noise Formula for Cascaded Stages
The overall noise figure of a chain is dominated by the first stage, especially if it has high gain.
### Formula
**F_total = F_1 + (F_2 - 1)/G_1 + (F_3 - 1)/(G_1 x G_2)**
All values in linear (not dB). Convert: F = 10^(NF_dB/10), G = 10^(Gain_dB/10).
**NF_total(dB) = 10 x log10(F_total)**
This is why low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are placed at the front of receiver chains.
The overall noise figure of a chain is dominated by the first stage, especially if it has high gain.
### Formula
**F_total = F_1 + (F_2 - 1)/G_1 + (F_3 - 1)/(G_1 x G_2)**
All values in linear (not dB). Convert: F = 10^(NF_dB/10), G = 10^(Gain_dB/10).
**NF_total(dB) = 10 x log10(F_total)**
This is why low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are placed at the front of receiver chains.
हल किया गया उदाहरण
Three-stage receiver: LNA (1.5 dB NF, 20 dB gain), mixer (6 dB NF, 10 dB gain), IF amp (10 dB NF).
- F1 = 10^(1.5/10) = 1.413, G1 = 10^(20/10) = 100
- F2 = 10^(6/10) = 3.981, G2 = 10^(10/10) = 10
- F3 = 10^(10/10) = 10
- F_total = 1.413 + (3.981-1)/100 + (10-1)/(100 x 10) = 1.413 + 0.030 + 0.009 = 1.452
- NF_total = 10 x log10(1.452) = 1.62 dB