मुफ्त E-फैक्टर कैलकुलेटर
हरित रसायन E-फैक्टर (पर्यावरणीय कारक) निकालें। अपशिष्ट और उत्पाद दर्ज करें।
Degrees of Unsaturation
4.0
Degrees of Unsaturation vs Number of Carbons (C)
सूत्र
## Degree of Unsaturation (Index of Hydrogen Deficiency) The degree of unsaturation tells how many rings and/or double bonds are in a molecule. Each ring or double bond reduces the hydrogen count by 2 relative to the fully saturated formula. ### Formula **DoU = (2C + 2 + N - H - X) / 2** where C = carbons, H = hydrogens, N = nitrogens, X = halogens. Oxygen and sulfur are not included because they do not change the hydrogen count. A DoU of 4 for a C6 compound suggests a benzene ring.
हल किया गया उदाहरण
Calculate the degree of unsaturation for benzene (C6H6).
- 01DoU = (2 × 6 + 2 + 0 - 6 - 0) / 2
- 02DoU = (12 + 2 - 6) / 2 = 8 / 2 = 4
- 03Benzene has 3 double bonds + 1 ring = 4 DoU
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न
What does each degree of unsaturation represent?
Each degree represents either one double bond or one ring. A triple bond counts as two degrees. A benzene ring (3 double bonds + 1 ring) counts as four degrees of unsaturation.
Why are oxygen atoms not in the formula?
Adding an oxygen atom (as -OH, =O, or ether -O-) does not change the hydrogen count. A saturated alcohol C₃H₈O has the same H count as propane C₃H₈ with an oxygen inserted. So oxygen does not affect unsaturation.
Can the degree of unsaturation be a fraction?
For valid molecular formulas, the result is always a whole number or zero. A fractional result indicates an invalid formula (odd number of hydrogens without nitrogen, for example).
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