Photovoltaic Efficiency Calculator
Calculate the electrical output of a solar panel system from irradiance, panel area, and module efficiency.
Net Daily Output
25.8 kWh
Net Daily Output vs Daily Solar Irradiance
Formule
## Solar Panel Electrical Output A photovoltaic (PV) system converts sunlight into electricity. The actual output depends on available irradiance, panel efficiency, and system losses. ### Formula **Gross Output (kWh/day) = Irradiance (kWh/m²/day) x Area (m²) x Efficiency** **Net Output = Gross Output x (1 - System Losses)** System losses include wiring resistance, inverter conversion, soiling, and temperature derating. Typical total losses are 10-20%.
Exemple Résolu
A 30 m² array with 20% efficient panels, 5 kWh/m²/day irradiance, and 14% system losses.
- 01Gross output = 5 x 30 x 0.20 = 30 kWh/day
- 02Net output = 30 x (1 - 0.14) = 30 x 0.86 = 25.8 kWh/day
- 03Annual output = 25.8 x 365 = 9,417 kWh/year
Questions Fréquentes
What is typical solar panel efficiency?
Residential panels typically range from 18-22%. Premium panels can reach 23-24%. Research cells have exceeded 47% in lab conditions.
What causes system losses?
Major loss sources include inverter conversion (2-4%), wiring (1-3%), soiling/dust (2-5%), temperature derating (2-8%), and shading (variable).
How many panels do I need for my home?
The average US home uses about 30 kWh/day. With 5 peak sun hours and 20% efficient panels, you need roughly 30 m² (about 15-18 standard panels).