Sum of Squares Calculator — Formula
## How to Calculate the Sum of Squares
### Formula
**SS = Sum of (xi - mean)^2**
For each value, subtract the mean, square the result, and add them up. The sum of squares quantifies total variability in the data and is the numerator in variance calculations.
- **Population Variance** = SS / n
- **Sample Variance** = SS / (n - 1)
### Formula
**SS = Sum of (xi - mean)^2**
For each value, subtract the mean, square the result, and add them up. The sum of squares quantifies total variability in the data and is the numerator in variance calculations.
- **Population Variance** = SS / n
- **Sample Variance** = SS / (n - 1)
Exemplo Resolvido
Find the sum of squares for 3, 5, 7, 9.
- Mean = (3 + 5 + 7 + 9) / 4 = 24 / 4 = 6
- Deviations: 3-6=-3, 5-6=-1, 7-6=1, 9-6=3
- Squared deviations: 9, 1, 1, 9
- SS = 9 + 1 + 1 + 9 = 20