Solar Panel Output Calculator
Estimate daily energy output from a solar panel array based on panel rating and sun hours.
Estimated Daily Output
16.0 kWh/day
Estimated Daily Output vs Panel Rating
Formula
## Solar Panel Energy Estimation Daily energy output depends on panel capacity, sunlight availability, and system losses. ### Formula **Daily kWh = Array size (kW) x Peak sun hours x System efficiency** Peak sun hours represent the equivalent hours of full-intensity (1000 W/m^2) sunlight per day, typically 3-6 hours depending on location and season. System efficiency accounts for inverter losses, wiring, temperature derating, dust, and shading.
Exemplo Resolvido
10 panels of 400 W each, 5 peak sun hours, 80% system efficiency.
- 01Array size = 400 x 10 = 4000 W = 4.0 kWp
- 02Daily output = 4.0 x 5 x 0.80 = 16.0 kWh/day
- 03Annual output = 16.0 x 365 = 5,840 kWh/year
Perguntas Frequentes
What are peak sun hours in my area?
Peak sun hours vary by location and season. Examples: Phoenix AZ: 6.5, London UK: 2.5, Sydney AU: 5.0, Dubai: 6.0, Berlin: 2.7. Solar resource databases like PVGIS or NREL TMY provide precise local data.
Why is system efficiency only 80%?
The 20% loss includes: inverter efficiency (3-5% loss), cable losses (1-3%), temperature derating (5-15% in hot climates), dust/soiling (2-5%), panel degradation, and mismatch between panels.
How do I size panels for battery charging?
Divide the daily battery energy needed (kWh) by (sun hours x system efficiency) to get the required array size in kW. Add margin for cloudy days and seasonal variation.
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