Calculadora de Energia de Ionização
Calcule a energia de ionização necessária para remover elétrons de átomos na fase gasosa.
Ionization Energy
7.31 eV
Ionization Energy vs Effective Nuclear Charge (Z_eff)
Formula
Ionization Energy Estimation
Formula
IE ≈ 13.6 × Z_eff² / n² (eV)
Where:
To convert eV to kJ/mol, multiply by 96.485.
Ionization energy increases across a period (higher Z_eff) and decreases down a group (higher n).
Exemplo Resolvido
Estimate IE of sodium: Z_eff ≈ 2.2, n = 3.
- 01IE = 13.6 × Z_eff² / n²
- 02IE = 13.6 × (2.2)² / (3)²
- 03IE = 13.6 × 4.84 / 9
- 04IE = 13.6 × 0.538
- 05IE = 7.31 eV ≈ 706 kJ/mol
- 06Actual Na IE = 5.14 eV (estimate is rough)
Perguntas Frequentes
What is ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the minimum energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom. Higher IE means the electron is harder to remove.
Why does IE increase across a period?
Across a period, Z_eff increases while n stays the same. The valence electrons are held more tightly, requiring more energy to remove.
Is this formula accurate?
It gives rough estimates. Real multi-electron atoms have electron-electron repulsion and orbital penetration effects that make exact calculation complex. For precise values, use experimental data.
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