Calculadora de Aquecimento de Reentrada
Calcule o aquecimento gerado durante a reentrada atmosférica de veículos espaciais.
Heat Flux
2,746,217.29 W/m2
Heat Flux vs Entry Velocity
Formula
## Stagnation-Point Reentry Heating The heat flux at the stagnation point of a blunt body during reentry is governed by the Sutton-Graves correlation. ### Formula **q = k * sqrt(rho / r_n) * v cubed** where k = 1.83 x 10 to the -4 (for Earth atmosphere in SI units). A larger nose radius spreads the heat over a wider area, reducing the peak flux. This is why reentry capsules are blunt.
Exemplo Resolvido
LEO reentry at 7800 m/s, rho = 0.001 kg/m3, r_n = 1.0 m.
- 01q = 1.83e-4 * sqrt(0.001 / 1.0) * 7800^3
- 02sqrt(0.001) = 0.03162
- 037800^3 = 4.746e11
- 04q = 1.83e-4 * 0.03162 * 4.746e11
- 05q = 2 746 000 W/m2 = 2746 kW/m2
Perguntas Frequentes
Why are reentry capsules blunt?
A blunt shape creates a strong bow shock that keeps the hottest gas away from the surface. It also increases the effective nose radius, reducing heat flux.
What temperature does a heat shield reach?
LEO reentry: about 1500 to 2000 C. Interplanetary return (like Apollo): over 2800 C. Ablative materials char away to absorb energy.
Does the Sutton-Graves formula work for all planets?
The constant k depends on the atmospheric composition. Different values apply for Mars (CO2), Titan (N2/CH4), etc.