PWM Voltage Calculator
Calculate the average (DC equivalent) voltage output from a PWM signal based on duty cycle and peak voltage.
V
%
Average Voltage
2.475 V
RMS Voltage2.858 V
Power Ratio vs DC75.0 %
Average Voltage vs Peak Voltage (Logic High)
PWM Average Voltage
A PWM signal with fixed amplitude and variable duty cycle produces an average voltage proportional to the duty cycle.
Formulas
V_avg = V_peak x Duty Cycle
V_rms = V_peak x sqrt(Duty Cycle)
When filtered through a low-pass filter, the PWM signal approximates a DC voltage equal to V_avg. This principle drives motor controllers, dimmers, and digital-to-analog conversion.
Example Calculation
3.3 V logic level at 75% duty cycle.
- 01Average voltage: 3.3 x 0.75 = 2.475 V
- 02RMS voltage: 3.3 x sqrt(0.75) = 3.3 x 0.866 = 2.858 V
- 03Power is 75% of continuous DC
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