Duty Cycle Calculator

Calculate the duty cycle of a periodic signal from its on-time and period, or frequency and pulse width.

µs
µs

Duty Cycle

50.0 %

Off Time500.000 µs
Frequency1,000.0 Hz
Duty Ratio0.5000

Duty Cycle vs On Time (Pulse Width)

What is Duty Cycle?

Duty cycle is the fraction of one period during which a signal is in its active (high) state.

Formula

Duty Cycle = On Time / Period x 100%

Off Time = Period - On Time

Duty cycle is fundamental to PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), which controls motor speed, LED brightness, and power delivery by varying the on-time while keeping frequency constant.

Example Calculation

A 1 kHz signal with 500 microsecond on-time.

  1. 01Duty cycle: 500 / 1000 x 100 = 50.0%
  2. 02Off time: 1000 - 500 = 500 microseconds
  3. 03Frequency: 1,000,000 / 1000 = 1000 Hz

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