Photovoltaic Efficiency Calculator
Calculate the electrical output of a solar panel system from irradiance, panel area, and module efficiency.
kWh/m²/day
m²
%
%
Net Daily Output
25.8 kWh
Net Annual Output9,417 kWh
Gross Daily Output30.0 kWh
Net Daily Output vs Daily Solar Irradiance
Solar Panel Electrical Output
A photovoltaic (PV) system converts sunlight into electricity. The actual output depends on available irradiance, panel efficiency, and system losses.
Formula
Gross Output (kWh/day) = Irradiance (kWh/m²/day) x Area (m²) x Efficiency
Net Output = Gross Output x (1 - System Losses)
System losses include wiring resistance, inverter conversion, soiling, and temperature derating. Typical total losses are 10-20%.
Example Calculation
A 30 m² array with 20% efficient panels, 5 kWh/m²/day irradiance, and 14% system losses.
- 01Gross output = 5 x 30 x 0.20 = 30 kWh/day
- 02Net output = 30 x (1 - 0.14) = 30 x 0.86 = 25.8 kWh/day
- 03Annual output = 25.8 x 365 = 9,417 kWh/year