Global Warming Potential Calculator Formula

Understand the math behind the global warming potential calculator. Each variable explained with a worked example.

Formulas Used

CO2-Equivalent

co2_equivalent = gas_mass_kg * gwp_factor

CO2-Equivalent (tonnes)

co2_equiv_tonnes = gas_mass_kg * gwp_factor / 1000

Variables

VariableDescriptionDefault
gas_mass_kgMass of Gas Emitted(kg)100
gwp_factorGWP Factor (relative to CO2)28

How It Works

Understanding Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential (GWP) compares the heat-trapping ability of a greenhouse gas to CO2 over a specified period, typically 100 years.

Formula

CO2-Equivalent (kg) = Mass of Gas (kg) x GWP Factor

Common GWP-100 values: Methane (CH4) = 28, Nitrous Oxide (N2O) = 265, SF6 = 23,500. A higher GWP means the gas traps more heat per kilogram than CO2.

Worked Example

A farm releases 100 kg of methane (GWP = 28) over a year.

gas_mass_kg = 100gwp_factor = 28
  1. 01CO2-equivalent = 100 kg x 28 = 2,800 kg CO2e
  2. 02In tonnes: 2,800 / 1,000 = 2.8 tonnes CO2e

Frequently Asked Questions

What does GWP-100 mean?

GWP-100 measures the total warming effect of a gas over 100 years relative to CO2. It is the most commonly used time horizon in climate policy.

Why is methane GWP so much higher than CO2?

Methane absorbs infrared radiation about 80 times more effectively than CO2 over 20 years, but it breaks down faster, so the 100-year GWP is 28.

Where do GWP values come from?

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) publishes GWP values in its assessment reports. The latest values come from the AR6 report.