Energy Payback Calculator

Calculate how long it takes for a renewable energy system to generate the energy used in its manufacturing.

MWh
MWh
years

Energy Payback Time

1.7 years

Energy Return on Investment15.0 x
Net Lifetime Energy280 MWh
Net Energy Ratio1,400 %

Energy Payback Time vs Embodied Energy (Manufacturing)

How to Calculate Energy Payback Time

Energy payback time (EPBT) measures how long a system must operate to produce the energy used in its manufacture.

Formula

EPBT = Embodied Energy / Annual Production

EROI = Lifetime Production / Embodied Energy

Typical Values

  • Solar PV: 1-3 years EPBT
  • Wind turbine: 0.5-1 year EPBT
  • Nuclear: 5-7 years EPBT
  • Coal plant: 1-2 years EPBT (but never net-zero CO2)
  • Example Calculation

    A solar system with 20 MWh embodied energy producing 12 MWh/year over a 25-year lifespan.

    1. 01Energy payback: 20 / 12 = 1.7 years
    2. 02Lifetime production: 12 * 25 = 300 MWh
    3. 03Net energy: 300 - 20 = 280 MWh
    4. 04EROI: 300 / 20 = 15x

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