Pump Affinity Calculator Formula

Understand the math behind the pump affinity calculator. Each variable explained with a worked example.

Formulas Used

New Flow Rate (Q2)

flow2 = flow1 * ratio

New Head (H2)

head2 = head1 * pow(ratio, 2)

New Power (P2)

power2 = power1 * pow(ratio, 3)

Variables

VariableDescriptionDefault
flow1Original Flow Rate (Q1)(m³/h)100
head1Original Head (H1)(m)30
power1Original Power (P1)(kW)15
speed1Original Speed (N1)(RPM)1450
speed2New Speed (N2)(RPM)1750
ratioDerived value= speed2 / speed1calculated

How It Works

Pump Affinity Laws

The affinity laws predict how centrifugal pump performance changes with rotational speed or impeller diameter. They are essential for variable-speed pump sizing.

Speed Change Laws

Q2/Q1 = N2/N1 (flow scales linearly)

H2/H1 = (N2/N1)² (head scales with speed squared)

P2/P1 = (N2/N1)³ (power scales with speed cubed)

The same relationships apply for impeller diameter changes (replacing N with D). The cubic power relationship makes VFDs very effective for energy savings.

Worked Example

A pump at 1450 RPM delivers 100 m³/h at 30 m head, consuming 15 kW. Speed increased to 1750 RPM.

flow1 = 100head1 = 30power1 = 15speed1 = 1450speed2 = 1750
  1. 01Speed ratio = 1750 / 1450 = 1.2069
  2. 02Q2 = 100 × 1.2069 = 120.7 m³/h
  3. 03H2 = 30 × 1.2069² = 30 × 1.4566 = 43.7 m
  4. 04P2 = 15 × 1.2069³ = 15 × 1.7581 = 26.37 kW

Ready to run the numbers?

Open Pump Affinity Calculator