Voltage Divider Calculator Formula

Understand the math behind the voltage divider calculator. Each variable explained with a worked example.

Formulas Used

Output Voltage

v_out = v_in * r2 / (r1 + r2)

Division Ratio

ratio = r2 / (r1 + r2)

Variables

VariableDescriptionDefault
v_inInput Voltage(V)12
r1Resistor R1 (top)(Ω)10000
r2Resistor R2 (bottom)(Ω)10000

How It Works

How a Voltage Divider Works

Two series resistors produce an output voltage that is a fraction of the input.

Formula

V_out = V_in x R2 / (R1 + R2)

The output is accurate only when load impedance is much higher than R2.

Worked Example

Divide 12 V using two equal 10 kohm resistors.

v_in = 12r1 = 10000r2 = 10000
  1. 01V_out = 12 x 10000 / (10000 + 10000)
  2. 02V_out = 12 x 0.5 = 6.0 V

Ready to run the numbers?

Open Voltage Divider Calculator