Switching Regulator Efficiency Calculator Formula

Understand the math behind the switching regulator efficiency calculator. Each variable explained with a worked example.

Formulas Used

Input Power

input_power_w = v_out * load_current_a / eff_fraction

Input Current

input_current_a = v_out * load_current_a / (eff_fraction * v_in)

Power Lost

power_lost_w = v_out * load_current_a / eff_fraction - v_out * load_current_a

Variables

VariableDescriptionDefault
v_inInput Voltage(V)12
v_outOutput Voltage(V)3.3
load_current_aOutput Current(A)2
efficiency_pctEfficiency(%)90
eff_fractionDerived value= efficiency_pct / 100calculated

How It Works

Switching Regulator Efficiency

Formulas

P_in = P_out / Efficiency

I_in = P_out / (Efficiency x V_in)

Switching regulators convert voltage using rapid switching and an inductor. They achieve 85-95% efficiency regardless of voltage ratio, far better than linear regulators for large step-downs.

Worked Example

12 V to 3.3 V at 2 A with 90% efficiency.

v_in = 12v_out = 3.3load_current_a = 2efficiency_pct = 90
  1. 01P_out = 3.3 x 2 = 6.6 W
  2. 02P_in = 6.6 / 0.9 = 7.33 W
  3. 03I_in = 7.33 / 12 = 0.611 A
  4. 04Power lost = 7.33 - 6.6 = 0.73 W