ADC Resolution Calculator Formula

Understand the math behind the adc resolution calculator. Each variable explained with a worked example.

Formulas Used

LSB Size

lsb_mv = v_ref / pow(2, bits) * 1000

Quantization Levels

num_levels = pow(2, bits)

Dynamic Range

dynamic_range_db = 20 * log10(pow(2, bits))

Variables

VariableDescriptionDefault
bitsADC Bits(bits)12
v_refReference Voltage(V)3.3

How It Works

ADC Resolution

Formulas

LSB = V_ref / 2^N

Levels = 2^N

Dynamic Range = 20 x log10(2^N) dB

N is the number of bits. Each additional bit doubles the resolution and adds 6 dB of dynamic range.

Worked Example

12-bit ADC with 3.3 V reference.

bits = 12v_ref = 3.3
  1. 01Levels = 2^12 = 4096
  2. 02LSB = 3.3 / 4096 = 0.000806 V = 0.806 mV
  3. 03Dynamic range = 20 x log10(4096) = 72.2 dB

Frequently Asked Questions

What is ENOB?

Effective Number of Bits accounts for real-world noise and distortion. A 12-bit ADC might have 10.5 ENOB due to noise.

Does higher resolution mean better accuracy?

Not necessarily. Accuracy depends on reference voltage precision, linearity errors, and noise floor.

How does sampling rate relate to resolution?

They are independent specifications. Oversampling can trade speed for effective resolution (averaging).

Ready to run the numbers?

Open ADC Resolution Calculator