Water Heater Sizing Calculator Formula

Understand the math behind the water heater sizing calculator. Each variable explained with a worked example.

Formulas Used

Recommended Tank Size

tank_gallons = ceil(daily_demand / 10) * 10

BTU Input Needed

btu_needed = recovery_hours > 0 ? daily_demand * 8.33 * temp_rise / recovery_hours : 0

Daily Hot Water Demand

daily_demand_out = daily_demand

Variables

VariableDescriptionDefault
occupantsNumber of Occupants(people)4
gal_per_personGallons per Person per Day(gal)20
temp_riseTemperature Rise(degF)70
recovery_hoursRecovery Time(hr)1
daily_demandDerived value= occupants * gal_per_personcalculated

How It Works

Water Heater Sizing

Daily Demand = Occupants x Gallons per Person

BTU/hr = Demand x 8.33 x Temp Rise / Recovery Hours

The constant 8.33 is the weight of one gallon of water in pounds. Tank size is rounded up to the nearest standard 10-gallon increment.

Worked Example

A household of 4 using 20 gallons each, 70 degF rise, 1-hour recovery.

occupants = 4gal_per_person = 20temp_rise = 70recovery_hours = 1
  1. 01Daily demand = 4 x 20 = 80 gal
  2. 02Tank size = round up to 80 gal
  3. 03BTU = 80 x 8.33 x 70 / 1 = 46,648 BTU/hr

Ready to run the numbers?

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