Normality (N) measures concentration in equivalents per liter. An equivalent depends on the reaction: H+ for acids, OH- for bases, or electrons for redox.

What is the n-factor?

The number of reactive units per molecule. For acids: replaceable H+ ions. For bases: OH- ions. For redox: electrons transferred.

Is normality still commonly used?

Less common now, but still used in analytical chemistry titrations and water treatment.

Free Normality Calculator

Calculate normality from molarity and the equivalence factor (n-factor) of the solute.

Save

Molarity

Equivalence Factor (n)

Normality

2.0000 N

Normality vs Molarity

View formula & how it works →

How to Calculate Normality

Formula

N = M × n

Where:

N = normality (equivalents/L)

M = molarity

n = equivalence factor (H+ for acids, OH- for bases, electrons for redox)

Example Calculation

Find the normality of 1 M H2SO4 (diprotic acid, n = 2).

01N = M × n
02N = 1 × 2
03N = 2 N

Frequently Asked Questions

Learn More

Understanding Molarity

Learn what molarity is, how to calculate it, and why it matters in chemistry. Covers moles, liters, dilution, and step-by-step examples for preparing solutions.

Related Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Calculate molarity from moles and volume.

Titration Calculator

Calculate unknown concentration from titration data.

Equivalent Weight Calculator

Calculate equivalent weight from molar mass and n-factor.