Free Effective Nuclear Charge Calculator
Calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) experienced by a valence electron using Slater's rules, from the atomic number and shielding constant.
Effective Nuclear Charge (Z_eff)
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Effective Nuclear Charge (Z_eff) vs Atomic Number (Z)
Effective Nuclear Charge
Formula
Z_eff = Z − σ
Where:
Inner electrons shield outer electrons from the full nuclear charge. Z_eff increases across a period (more protons, similar shielding) and stays roughly constant down a group.
Example Calculation
Sodium (Z = 11) with shielding constant σ = 8.8 for the 3s electron.
- 01Z_eff = Z - σ
- 02Z_eff = 11 - 8.8
- 03Z_eff = 2.2
- 04The 3s electron feels an effective charge of +2.2
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