Free Buffer pH Calculator

Calculate the pH of a buffer solution using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation from pKa and the ratio of conjugate base to acid concentrations.

M
M

Buffer pH

4.76

Base/Acid Ratio1.0000

Buffer pH vs pKa of Weak Acid

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Formula

pH = pKa + log₁₀([A⁻] / [HA])

Where:

  • pH = hydrogen ion activity
  • pKa = acid dissociation constant (log scale)
  • [A⁻] = concentration of conjugate base
  • [HA] = concentration of weak acid
  • When [A⁻] = [HA], pH = pKa. Buffers resist pH changes best within ±1 of the pKa.

    Example Calculation

    An acetate buffer with pKa = 4.76, [CH₃COO⁻] = 0.1 M, [CH₃COOH] = 0.1 M.

    1. 01pH = pKa + log₁₀([A⁻]/[HA])
    2. 02pH = 4.76 + log₁₀(0.1/0.1)
    3. 03pH = 4.76 + log₁₀(1)
    4. 04pH = 4.76 + 0
    5. 05pH = 4.76

    Frequently Asked Questions

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