Camera Exposure Rule Calculator Formula

Understand the math behind the camera exposure rule calculator. Each variable explained with a worked example.

Formulas Used

500 Rule Exposure

rule_500 = 500 / focal_length

NPF Rule Exposure

npf_rule = (35 * focal_length + 30 * pixel_pitch) / pow(focal_length, 2) * focal_length

Variables

VariableDescriptionDefault
focal_lengthFocal Length(mm)50
pixel_pitchPixel Pitch(µm)4.3

How It Works

Astrophotography Exposure Rules

500 Rule (simple)

t = 500 / f seconds (f = focal length in mm)

Stars will begin to trail after this time on an untracked mount with a full-frame sensor.

NPF Rule (more accurate)

Accounts for pixel pitch and is better for modern high-resolution sensors. A shorter exposure may be needed for sharp pinpoint stars.

Worked Example

50 mm lens with 4.3 µm pixel pitch.

focal_length = 50pixel_pitch = 4.3
  1. 01500 Rule: 500 / 50 = 10 seconds
  2. 02Stars trail after about 10 seconds at 50 mm.
  3. 03For crop sensors, divide by the crop factor (e.g., 1.5).

Ready to run the numbers?

Open Camera Exposure Rule Calculator