热阻计算器
计算电子元件的热阻和结温。
Bd
bits
bits
bits
Gross Bit Rate
9,600 bps
Effective Data Rate7,680 bps
Protocol Efficiency80.0 %
Gross Bit Rate vs Baud Rate (symbols/s)
公式
## Baud Rate vs Bit Rate ### Formulas **Bit Rate = Baud Rate x Bits per Symbol** **Throughput = Bit Rate x Data Bits / (Data + Overhead Bits)** UART at 9600 baud with 8N1 framing: 9600 bps gross, 7680 bps effective (80% efficient due to start/stop bits).
计算示例
UART at 9600 baud, 1 bit/symbol, 8 data bits, 2 overhead bits (start + stop).
- 01Gross bit rate = 9600 x 1 = 9600 bps
- 02Effective = 9600 x 8 / 10 = 7680 bps
- 03Efficiency = 8 / 10 = 80%
常见问题
What is the difference between baud and bps?
Baud is symbols per second. Bps is bits per second. They are equal only when each symbol carries one bit (e.g., basic UART).
How can bit rate exceed baud rate?
With multi-level modulation (QAM, PSK) each symbol encodes multiple bits. QAM-256 sends 8 bits per symbol.
Common UART baud rates?
9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200. Higher rates require shorter cables or better line drivers.
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